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Morphometric Study of Maxillary Air Sinus using Computed Tomography |
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Deepak Bhusal, Prajna Paramita Samanta, Vishal Gupta, Poonam Kharb 1. Student, Department of Anatomy, Schoolof Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, UP, India. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, UP, India. 3. Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, UP, India. 4. Professor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, UP, India. |
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Correspondence Address : Dr. Prajna Paramita Samanta, 103, 2nd Floor, Block 3, Eros Garden, Surajkund Road, Faridabad-121009, Haryana, India. E-mail: prajnap.samanta@sharda.ac.in |
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| ABSTRACT |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
: Morphometry of body and neural arch of lumbar vertebrae is very crucial in manufacturing screws, interspinous implants as well as preoperative planning of surgeries involving dorsolumbar spine. Aim: To determine various dimensions of typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae. Materials and Methods: A descriptive osteological study was carried out which included 66 intact adult dry human lumbar vertebrae (53 typical and 13 atypical) which were free of any deformity or pathological features. All the 53 typical vertebrae were randomly obtained. The following parameters were measured with slide callipers- superior transverse diameter and superior antero-posterior diameters of vertebral foramen; transverse diameter, antero-posterior diameter and anterior height of vertebral body; width, height of pedicles; interpedicular distance; maximum thickness of lamina; length of transverse process; maximum length, maximum height and maximum central thickness of spinous process. The data was tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel software. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for each parameter. Unpaired t-test was applied and p-value was derived for parameters like width and height of pedicles, thickness of lamina and length of transverse process. The p-value<0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The vertebral foramen (superior transverse diameter- 20.41±2.54 mm, superior antero-posterior diameter- 13.3±2.04 mm); vertebral body (transverse diameter- 44.43±5.91 mm, antero-posterior diameter- 30.17±3.19 mm, anterior height- 24.01±1.84 mm); pedicle (width- 10.85±3.94 mm on left side and 11.04±4.01 mm on right side, height- 13.84±4.01 mm on left side and 13.8±1.93 mm on right side, interpedicular distance- 29.17±5.06 mm); lamina (thickness- 6.6±1.36 mm on left side and 6.85±1.34 mm on right side); transverse process (length- 20.94±4.01 mm on left side and 21.51±4.5 mm on right side); spinous process (maximum length- 26.01±3.73 mm, maximum height- 19.92±4.03 mm, maximum central thickness- 6.42±1.41 mm). The mean transverse diameter and antero-posterior diameter of vertebral foramen of atypical lumbar vertebrae were higher than those of the typical lumbar vertebrae and these differences were significant (p-value of 0.0001 for transverse diameter and p-value of 0.005 for antero-posterior diameter). Conclusion: Most of the parameters of atypical lumbar vertebrae were found to be more compared to those of typical lumbar vertebrae. This inference should be kept in mind during fixation of lumbar inter-spinous implants, designing of pedicular screws and spinal grafting. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keywords : Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, Gender determination, Hypoplasia, Maxillary sinus parameters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| INTRODUCTION |
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Paranasal air sinuses are complex anatomical structures situated within the frontal, maxilla, ethmoid and sphenoid bone and shows a significant inter-individual variation. Maxillary air sinus is the largest paranasal sinus (1). The maxillary sinus exhibits dimorphic features therefore it can be used for identification of an individual (2). In forensic medicine identification of individuals from skeletal remains and decomposing parts is one of the most difficult task. For gender determination long bones, bony pelvis and skull are conventionally used (3),(4),(5). Maxillary sinus remains intact in victims who are incinerated, although other bones of skull may be disfigured therefore it can be used for identification of sex of individuals (2),(3),(6). The shape and size of maxillary sinus differ between males and females and in various populations (7). The methods for measuring the dimensions of maxillary sinus have been changed from cadaveric skull measurements to Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with the advances in medical techniques [8-10]. Because of loss in mucosa and other soft tissue in cadavers, Keywords: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, Gender determination, Hypoplasia, Maxillary sinus parameters the volume measurement of maxillary sinus from cadaveric skull will be larger than the actual size. Measurements of maxillary sinus can be more accurate with CT as craniometric points can be precisely located (11). Helical CT presents a lot of advantages as compared to other methods such as conventional radiographs (12). Therefore, the present study was conducted to find out the normal dimensions of the maxillary air sinus and the anatomical variations related to it. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| TABLES AND FIGURES |
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Original article / research
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