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Role of Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Pathologies of Posterior Segment of the Orbit |
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Garima Rajimwale, Pratap Singh Parihar, Shrikant Rajimwale, Suresh Phatak 1. Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra , India. 2. Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra , India. 3. Registrar, Medical Council of India, Medical Council of India, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India. 4. Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra , India. |
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Correspondence Address : Dr. Garima Rajimwale, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra-442005, India. E-mail: garimananu@gmail.com |
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| ABSTRACT |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
: Morphometry of body and neural arch of lumbar vertebrae is very crucial in manufacturing screws, interspinous implants as well as preoperative planning of surgeries involving dorsolumbar spine. Aim: To determine various dimensions of typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae. Materials and Methods: A descriptive osteological study was carried out which included 66 intact adult dry human lumbar vertebrae (53 typical and 13 atypical) which were free of any deformity or pathological features. All the 53 typical vertebrae were randomly obtained. The following parameters were measured with slide callipers- superior transverse diameter and superior antero-posterior diameters of vertebral foramen; transverse diameter, antero-posterior diameter and anterior height of vertebral body; width, height of pedicles; interpedicular distance; maximum thickness of lamina; length of transverse process; maximum length, maximum height and maximum central thickness of spinous process. The data was tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel software. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for each parameter. Unpaired t-test was applied and p-value was derived for parameters like width and height of pedicles, thickness of lamina and length of transverse process. The p-value<0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The vertebral foramen (superior transverse diameter- 20.41±2.54 mm, superior antero-posterior diameter- 13.3±2.04 mm); vertebral body (transverse diameter- 44.43±5.91 mm, antero-posterior diameter- 30.17±3.19 mm, anterior height- 24.01±1.84 mm); pedicle (width- 10.85±3.94 mm on left side and 11.04±4.01 mm on right side, height- 13.84±4.01 mm on left side and 13.8±1.93 mm on right side, interpedicular distance- 29.17±5.06 mm); lamina (thickness- 6.6±1.36 mm on left side and 6.85±1.34 mm on right side); transverse process (length- 20.94±4.01 mm on left side and 21.51±4.5 mm on right side); spinous process (maximum length- 26.01±3.73 mm, maximum height- 19.92±4.03 mm, maximum central thickness- 6.42±1.41 mm). The mean transverse diameter and antero-posterior diameter of vertebral foramen of atypical lumbar vertebrae were higher than those of the typical lumbar vertebrae and these differences were significant (p-value of 0.0001 for transverse diameter and p-value of 0.005 for antero-posterior diameter). Conclusion: Most of the parameters of atypical lumbar vertebrae were found to be more compared to those of typical lumbar vertebrae. This inference should be kept in mind during fixation of lumbar inter-spinous implants, designing of pedicular screws and spinal grafting. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keywords : B scan ultrasonography, Ocular abnormalities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| INTRODUCTION |
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The slit-lamp examination and fundoscopy are the basis of diagnosis in most of the patients with eye disease. However, in cases where the media is opaque or cataractous change prevents the visualization of posterior segment, ultrasonography (US) helps in assessment of a variety of ocular diseases (1). It can guide the radiologist and ophthalmologist in diagnosing disease and choosing method of treatment. B-scan (Brightness modulation scan) is a two dimensional ultrasonography technique which uses high frequency sound waves. It can be safely performed in outdoor patient without any use of anaesthetics or sedative therapy (2). It is useful for a better demonstration of the shape and topographic relationship of lesions in the posterior segment. B-scan provides a good anatomical background and helps to rule out retinal, vitreous, choroidal detachments, tumours, and other pathologic conditions that affect the posterior segment of the eye (2),(3). The purpose of this study was to visualize the status of posterior segment of eye with B-scan ultrasound and to find out any posterior segment lesion in such cases. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Original article / research
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