Images in Medicine Year :2020 Month : September-October Volume : 9 Issue : 4 Page : RI01 - RI05 Full Version Pictorial Review of Basal Ganglia and Thalamic Lesions S Shyam, Srikanth Vankineni, KR Parthasarathy, G HShashank, Bava Mehthab 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, SSIMS&RC, Davangere, Karnataka, India. 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, SSIMS&RC, Davangere, Karnataka, India. 3. Professor and Head, Department of Radiodiagnosis, SSIMS&RC, Davangere, Karnataka, India. 4. Junior Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, SSIMS&RC, Davangere, Karnataka, India. 5. Junior Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, SSIMS&RC, Davangere, Karnataka, India.   Correspondence Address : Srikanth Vankineni, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, SSIMS&RC, Davangere, Karnataka, India. E-mail: vsc4444@gmail.com   ABSTRACT : Keywords : Artery of percheron infarct, Dengue encephalitis, Osmotic demyelinosis, Toxic encephalopathy MRI DOI and Others : DOI: 10.7860/IJARS/2020/44049:2571 Date of Submission: Feb 19, 2020 Date of Peer Review: Mar 19, 2020 Date of Acceptance: Jun 29, 2020 Date of Publishing: Oct 01, 2020 b#bAuthor Declaration:b?b • Financial or Other Competing Interests: None • Was Ethics Committee Approval obtained for this study? Yes • Was informed consent obtained from the subjects involved in the study? Yes • For any images presented appropriate consent has been obtained from the subjects. Yes   INTRODUCTION Basal ganglia (BG) are paired symmetric subcortical (deep grey matter) nuclei that form the core of the extrapyramidal system and control motor activity. BG pathologies manifest clinically as movement and tone dysfunction; some may present with alteration in higher mental functions such as behavioural problems, memory and other thought processes (1). Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is the modality of choice for evaluating the BG. Computed Tomography (CT) may well be the primary investigation, mainly in emergency situations in which patients present with altered sensorium or acute onset seizures (2). Based on the clinical history, involvement of other brain structures in MRI and the relative laboratory findings, accurate diagnosis is reached. Clinical and laboratory findings correlation is essential to reach accurate diagnosis (2). In this pictorial review, we have described different cases affecting BG and thalamus in our Institute. Vascular conditions like infarcts, haemorrhage, cerebral venous thrombosis, Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE), toxic conditions like methanol and Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, metabolic conditions like hypo and hyper glycaemia, pontine demyelinosis and few infectious conditions like dengue encephalitis and Acute necrotising encephalitis were encountered (Table/Fig 1) (3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10),(11).   REFERENCES 1. Finelli PF, DiMario FJ Jr. Diagnostic approach in patients with symmetric imaging lesions of the deep graynuclei. Neurologist. 2003;9(5):250-61.   [Google Scholar] 2. Kretschmann HJ, Weinrich W. Neurofunctional systems. In: Kretschmann HJ, Weinrich W, eds. Cranial neuroimagingand clinical neuroanatomy: atlas of MR imaging and computed tomography. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Thieme, 2003;383-87.   [Google Scholar] 3. Sandvig A, Lundberg S, Neuwirth J. Artery of Percheron infarction: a case report. J Med case Rep. 2017;11(1):221.   [Google Scholar] 4. 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