Original article / research
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Year :2021
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Month :
April
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Volume :
10
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Issue :
2
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Page :
RS01 - RS04
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Acrania- Exencephaly- Anencephaly Sequence on Antenatal Scans
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Amandeep Singh, Achal S Goindi, Gauravdeep Singh
1. Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
2. Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
3. Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Correspondence Address :
Amandeep Singh, Achal S Goindi, Gauravdeep Singh,
Dr. Amandeep Singh,
469, East Mohan Nagar Sultan Wind Road, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
E-mail: dr.amancs@gmail.com
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| | | ABSTRACT |  |
: Acrania-Exencephaly-Anencephaly sequence is the progression from an absent cranial vault (acrania) showing relatively normal appearing exposed brain (exencephaly) to no recognisable brain parenchymal tissue (anencephaly). The study presents different cases of acrania, exencephaly and anencephaly along with their imaging features on Two-Dimensional (2-D) ultrasonography and additional benefits of using Three-Dimensional (3-D)/Four-Dimensional (4-D) ultrasonography to aid in the diagnosis. Over a span of one year, seven patients with abnormal foetuses were scanned during the first trimester or at 18-20 weeks of gestation using both 2-D and 3-D/4-D volumetric probes. The International Society of Ultrasound (US) in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ISUOG) practice guidelines were adopted for appropriateness. Specific imaging features seen on 2-D US help early diagnosis and high detection rate of this rare type of Neural Tube Defect (NTD) malformation. A 3-D/4-D US can also detect foetal acrania, exencephaly and anencephaly as early as 2-D scan and in addition can illustrate findings with different modes of reconstruction, which 2-D US cannot. Hence, 3-D/4-D US may contribute to early detection of foetal acrania-exencephaly-anencephaly sequence.
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Keywords :
Anomaly scan, Central nervous system scan, Four dimensional (4-D)-ultrasound, Level II scan,
Neural tube defects, Three dimensional (3-D)-ultrasound, Two-dimensional (2-D) ultrasound
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